tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-51191189165242367152024-03-13T16:42:26.987-04:00United States Navy: Quonset HutsQuonset Huts: Weapons of Mass ConstructionRed 3http://www.blogger.com/profile/12907054522953693163noreply@blogger.comBlogger29125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5119118916524236715.post-44369568404056332452012-12-11T13:39:00.003-05:002012-12-11T15:43:53.368-05:00Quonset Huts after the War<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Stran-Steel Advertisement, 1944</span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Stran-Steel Advertisement, 1943 </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Source: Vanderbilt 67</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">As early as 1943, the Stran-Steel Company began positing
potential roles of Quonset Hut after the war. Advertisements during the
wartime portrayed a post war society of modern, and Quonset-like, architecture<a href="file:///C:/Users/FionaLu/Desktop/Quonset%20Hut/Quonset%20Huts%20after%20the%20War.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: xx-small; line-height: 115%;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>.
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Aerial perspective drawing of Camp Parks Chapel and Library, Dublin, CA (1945)<br /><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Source: Carter 55</span></span></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Camp Parks Chapel and Library, Dublin, CA (1945)<br /><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Source: Carter 55</span></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> During the war, Quonset Huts were modified for domestic and spiritual purposes. In 1944, a Seabee by the name of Bruce Goff was
asked to renovate a Quonset Hut into a chapel at Camp Parks (near San
Francisco). The Camp Parks Chapel was made by connecting
two “elephant” Quonset Huts with a masonry wall that intersected main vaulted
spaces<a href="file:///C:/Users/FionaLu/Desktop/Quonset%20Hut/Quonset%20Huts%20after%20the%20War.docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: xx-small; line-height: 115%;">[2]</span></span></span></a>.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FuCACMHRHg0/UMd0iCUDZqI/AAAAAAAAA8k/tTyDgtGLox0/s1600/barrel+house.jpg" height="320" style="cursor: move; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="230" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Ardell Hagen bought a gigantic barrel that housed a hamburger stand and converted it into a two-story home for his family, 1946</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Source: Vanderbilt 70</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">When the war ended, it brought about a housing shortage in the US, as 12 million men turned from the battlefield towards private
life. In addition, wartime marriage, rural to urban migrations, and a population
boom of 8 million people in 5 years also contributed to the problem<a href="file:///C:/Users/FionaLu/Desktop/Quonset%20Hut/Quonset%20Huts%20after%20the%20War.docx#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: xx-small; line-height: 115%;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>.
Even if 1.2 million permanent homes were to be built every year in the U.S, it
would still be 10 years before everyone was housed<a href="file:///C:/Users/FionaLu/Desktop/Quonset%20Hut/Quonset%20Huts%20after%20the%20War.docx#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: xx-small; line-height: 115%;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>. Housing was so scarce that veterans and their family were forced into unconventional homes, such as a renovated barrel-shpaed burger stand, a beer-van-turned-apartment, and even a renovated mortuary<a href="file:///C:/Users/FionaLu/Desktop/Quonset%20Hut/Quonset%20Huts%20after%20the%20War.docx#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 16.363636016845703px;">[6]</span></span></span></a>.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-DqsmsjSylvI/UMd9a2MI1VI/AAAAAAAAA_A/rHu34SV9jmY/s1600/home+from+a+Qhut.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-DqsmsjSylvI/UMd9a2MI1VI/AAAAAAAAA_A/rHu34SV9jmY/s1600/home+from+a+Qhut.jpg" height="224" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Spread from "A Home from a Quonset Hut," House Beautiful (Sept 1945)</span><br /><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Source: Vanderbilt 78-79</span></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Quonset Huts were sold by the Stran-Steel company for $873.
The buyer would receive the kit and framing of a 20’ x 40’ hut that would
provide shelter for 30 barracks during the war, but was converted into three apartments; 2
bedrooms, a kitchen, a living room, and a bath. However, the buyer had to erect and insulate the hut himself<a href="file:///C:/Users/FionaLu/Desktop/Quonset%20Hut/Quonset%20Huts%20after%20the%20War.docx#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: xx-small; line-height: 115%;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>.
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Row of Quonset homes at Rodger Young Village, (1945)</span><br /><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Source: Vanderbilt 72</span></span></td><td class="tr-caption"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption"></td><td class="tr-caption"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><br /></span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Q54XgWu4xio/UMd8eLx9TFI/AAAAAAAAA-4/8a4xERBe8uk/s1600/kt5199r0bf-d3e7067.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Q54XgWu4xio/UMd8eLx9TFI/AAAAAAAAA-4/8a4xERBe8uk/s1600/kt5199r0bf-d3e7067.jpg" height="320" width="243" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Directions to Rodger Youn</span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">g Village</span></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In April 1946, construction began for the first and largest
temporary veterans’ housing project, the Rodger Young Village. On 112 acres of
former National Guard Airstrip land in Griffith Park, 750 Quonset Huts were erected.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Student housing at Yale University, New Haven, CT (</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1945)</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Source: Vanderbilt 87</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-DAV9GGqrVBI/UMd10XZaiVI/AAAAAAAAA9k/yc-bEGG9J6A/s1600/CSU+campus.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-DAV9GGqrVBI/UMd10XZaiVI/AAAAAAAAA9k/yc-bEGG9J6A/s1600/CSU+campus.jpg" height="229" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Veterans Village on the CSU Campus (1953)</span><br /><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Source: Soldiers of the Ploughshare </span></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A shortage of student housing was also a problem on college
campuses across the United States. Quonset Huts were used as
temporary classrooms and student housing, to help house the dramatic increase in veteran enrolment after the G.I. Bill was introduced <a href="file:///C:/Users/FionaLu/Desktop/Quonset%20Hut/Quonset%20Huts%20after%20the%20War.docx#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: x-small; line-height: 115%;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>.
At the Colorado State University (CSU), half and
full Quonset Huts were erected at the Veterans Village on campus to accommodate
the increasing number of veteran students. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/FionaLu/Desktop/Quonset%20Hut/Quonset%20Huts%20after%20the%20War.docx#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[1] Brian Carter, </span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
<i>War, designs and Weapons of Mass Construction</i> (NY, Princeton Architecture Press, 2005) 51<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/FionaLu/Desktop/Quonset%20Hut/Quonset%20Huts%20after%20the%20War.docx#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> Carter 57<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/FionaLu/Desktop/Quonset%20Hut/Quonset%20Huts%20after%20the%20War.docx#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> Tom Vanderbilt, <i>After the War: Quonset huts and their integration into Daily American Life </i></span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">(NY, Princeton Architecture Press, 2005) </span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">68</span></div>
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Red 3http://www.blogger.com/profile/12907054522953693163noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5119118916524236715.post-25896505179019876522012-12-11T13:20:00.003-05:002012-12-11T15:45:04.224-05:00The Mass Production of Kit Homes in America<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> During the industrial revolution at the turn of the 20th century, ordering kit houses constructed with light-frame balloon framing and </span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">pre-cut</span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> timber became common. The East and West Coasts of the US had been connected through the Transcontinental Railroad in 1869, and the American population was rapidly expanding into the West, where there were very few established settlements. There was an urgent need for prefabricated, affordable, and easily constructed housing. One of the first mail-order kit home systems was Aladdin Homes, founded in 1906 by two brothers, W.J. and O.E. Sovereign. The brothers formed their system by adapting previously established mail-order systems used to purchase boats, which buyers purchased to assemble themselves. They used the popularized mass production concepts of the time, and applied these systems to create mass housing, and they marketed a "Readi-Cut" system</span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">[1]</span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">. In this system, all the lumber necessary to create a specified house was </span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">pre-cut</span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> in a factory and delivered to the housing site, and all the customer needed were basic tools to put the house together. This process was designed to streamline the construction process by decreasing the time needed to erect the house, and by removing the wasted materials caused by </span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">miscalculations onsite.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: HelveticaNeue; font-size: x-small;"> </span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Chicago-based Sears Roebuck and Company followed the first mail-order mass housing systems, like that of Aladdin Homes, and was able to sustain pre-fab housing efforts due to an increased use of marketing. Sears Roebuck and Co.'s main success was the fact that they could offer a wide variety of housing and financing. Over their 32 years in business, a large team of designers and architects produced 445 different models, which ranged from one room structures to multifamily units<span style="font-size: xx-small;">[2]</span>. From 1908 to 1940 Sears Roebuck and Co. was the world's leader in prefabricated residential design and manufacturing. </span><span style="font-family: HelveticaNeue; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: HelveticaNeue; font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: HelveticaNeue; font-size: x-small;"> </span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sears, Aladdin, and other kit home manufacturers never claimed to change architectural design, but rather provide a more efficient system of production and construction, while offering a standardized and affordable product to the consumer. Ultimately, both Sears and Aladdin failed during the housing crisis of the Great Depression and they pulled their catalogs.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small; vertical-align: 3pt;">[1] Ryan E. Smith, <i>Prefab Architecture: A Guide to Modular Design and Construction</i>. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; vertical-align: 3pt;">[2] "Sears Catalogue Homes." MoMA Org., </span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">accessed December 5, 2012. http://www.momahomedelivery.org/.</span></span></div>
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Red 3http://www.blogger.com/profile/12907054522953693163noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5119118916524236715.post-34370738100037876412012-12-11T13:02:00.004-05:002012-12-11T15:46:57.430-05:00American Production and Prefab Construction During WWII<span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0px;"> In the 1930’s the American government passed a series of acts that would prevent the U.S. participating in the war that was clearly on the horizon in both Europe and the Pacific. However, w</span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0px;">hen the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7th, 1941, the gears were set in motion of the most efficient war/production/manufacturing machine on the planet at the time. During World War II no other country out manufactured the Americans. Their gross domestic product jumped from 800 billion to 1.4 trillion between 1938 and 1945. They also built more jeeps, heavy trucks, merchant ships, aircraft carriers, battleships, bombers and fighter planes than any country participating in the war. Although the Soviets made more tanks and ammunition, no one came close to matching the American production level.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.0px;"> How did they do it? Well laid out factories for easy mass production and the mastering of the prefab building technique. An example of their incredibly quick production time is the fleet of Liberty Ships that were built during the war. In 1936 the Merchant Marine Act was passed to rebuild America’s decrepit and dwindling merchant fleet. The Liberty Ship was to become the basic model for the fleet. In total from 1937-1945, 5500 were built with more than half that number built during the war. At it’s most productive period, the ship yards were turning out a liberty ship every forty-two days, with only a twenty-four day period from dry dock to being tied up at a dock. They managed to build them so quickly by prefabricating large sections of the ship. A liberty ship consisted of four large pieces: the bow, midship, stern and deck (including the wheelhouse, etc.). </span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0px;">The prefabrication model also applied to other items produced for the war effort. In Dearborn, Michigan, at the Ford plant, planes were being turned out at about the rate of one per hour. At the height of production, the assembly line extended a mile through the former car factory complex. Bombers, like the Liberty Ships, were built in smaller pieces (fuselage, wings, etc.) and then assembled at once into the large aircraft. Because of this efficiency in building technique they were able to produce over 90 000 planes between 1941-1945. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.0px;"> The factories that built all the machinery of the war were originally car, metal fabrication and even canning plants. The Americans easily converted them into war production machines after the attack on Pearl Harbor. This ‘multi-use’ ability of virtually everything that the Americans made or owned was one of the biggest reasons that they won the war. A Liberty Ship could be used to transport anything from troops to canned beans. Their jeeps and trucks were so versatile and easy to produce that they sold them to their Allies. They virtually kept the British alive during the Battle of Britain and throughout the subsequent years of the war. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0px;"> It is not surprising then that the Quonset Hut was the standard issue building of the Navy. It preformed so well that it was used by other sections of the armed forces and even other countries. Like the ships and planes of WWII it was assembled in parts, speeding up the building process. It fit perfectly with the American sensibility of the time, being recycled, cheap, prefabricated, mass produced, easy to assemble and effective.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small; letter-spacing: 0.0px;">‘Henry Ford: Helped Lead American World War II Production Efforts’. Weider History Group. Accessed December 9 2012. </span><br />
<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="color: #021eaa; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small; letter-spacing: 0px;"> <a href="http://www.historynet.com/henry-ford-helped-lead-american-world-war-ii-production-efforts.htm">http://www.historynet.com/henry-ford-helped-lead-american-world-war-ii-production-efforts.htm</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small; letter-spacing: 0.0px;">‘Liberty Ships and Victory Ships, America’s Lifeline in War’. National Park Service. Accessed December 9 2012. </span><br />
<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="color: #021eaa; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small; letter-spacing: 0px;"> <a href="http://www.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/116liberty_victory_ships/116liberty_victory_ships.htm">http://www.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/116liberty_victory_ships/116liberty_victory_ships.htm</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small; letter-spacing: 0.0px;">‘Reading One: Liberty Ships’. National Park Services. Accessed December 9 2012. </span><br />
<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="color: #021eaa; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small; letter-spacing: 0px;"> <a href="http://www.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/116liberty_victory_ships/116facts1.htm">http://www.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/116liberty_victory_ships/116facts1.htm</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small; letter-spacing: 0.0px;">Harrison, Mark, "The Economics of World War II: Six Great Powers in International Comparison", Cambridge University </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small; letter-spacing: 0px;"> Press (1998).</span></div>
Red 3http://www.blogger.com/profile/12907054522953693163noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5119118916524236715.post-92232559107833471762012-12-11T12:28:00.002-05:002012-12-11T15:54:31.548-05:00Tinian Island<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.0px;"> Tinian is a small group of islands in the Philipine Sea. The largest island saw the Seabee's greatest accomplishment and biggest construction project of the war. It’s close proximity to the Japanese mainland made it an important strategic strip of land during World War Two. For nine months in 1945 Tinian saw the most air traffic than any other airport in the world. Before it was in American hands, the Japanese used it as an airbase as well. In 1944 the American’s seized the island in the Battle of Tinian. There were large casualties on both sides with the Japanese sustaining the largest number; over eight thousand. It was a must win for both sides, the Americans would gain control of an important piece of land and if the Japanese lost they would give the Americans access to bombing the Japanese mainland. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"> Upon taking control of the island, the Seabees of the </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">135th </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">United States Naval Construction Battalion set about converting the available land to accomodate the 58th Bombardment Wing along with it's 40 000 support personnel and 50 000 marines. The Japanese had originally constructed two parallel runways on the west side of the island. The Seabees added two additional runways and the airfield became known as West Field. To the north, four more runways were constructed to house and launch the new long range B-29 bomber, which would be bombing the mainland. These four runways were 2600 meters, and incredibly they were constructed in less than a year. The runways themselves were built out of crushed coral, a readily available resource.</span></span><br />
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"> The Quonset Hut was used extensively on the island. They were a perfect building for the Seabees, as they were easy to transport and to construct. The Quonset Huts were grouped together into mini-cities of barracks, armories, airplane maintenance sheds, messes, chapels and hospitals. The Seabees copied the street organization of Manhattan Island and named the roads on the island after New York City streets. Land was also converted for farming to feed the tens of thousands of men and women that would be living on the island. The island became a self-sufficient community. On top of the need to have a high efficiency base layout, the Seabees had to accommodate nearly one thousand B-29s. Taxiways and hardstands were laid out effectively; so effectively in fact that more missions were flown out of Tinian than any other airfield during the war. </span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Quonset Hut customized by marines</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Sketch of Tinian Island command complex, comprised of Quonset Huts</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Tinian today</span></td></tr>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small; letter-spacing: 0.0px;">‘Tinian’. Global Security. Accessed December 7, 2012. <span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><a href="http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/facility/tinian.htm">http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/facility/tinian.htm</a></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">‘The Use of Tinian Island During World War Two’. Accessed December 7, 2012. <a href="http://web.mst.edu/~rogersda/umrcourses/ge342/Tinian%20Island.pdf"><span style="color: #021eaa; letter-spacing: 0px;">http://web.mst.edu/~rogersda/umrcourses/ge342/Tinian%20Island.pdf</span></a></span><br />
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">‘A Seabee’s Story (Tinian Island)’. Americans in Wartime Musem. Accessed December 7, 2012. </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><a href="http://www.nmaw.org/a-seabees-story-tinian-island/" style="letter-spacing: 0px;">http://www.nmaw.org/a-seabees-story-tinian-island/</a></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">History of the Seabees’. Naval History and Heritage Command. Accessed December 7, 2012. </span><a href="http://www.seabee.navy.mil/" style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: #021eaa; letter-spacing: 0px;">http://www.seabee.navy.mil</span></a><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"></span></span></div>
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<br />Red 3http://www.blogger.com/profile/12907054522953693163noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5119118916524236715.post-68425369691975722452012-12-11T11:58:00.000-05:002012-12-11T16:39:37.311-05:00Chronology of Sears Catalogue Homes (1908-1940)<h2>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Model No. 161 - The Niota</span></td></tr>
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<span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: #444444;"><b> 1915-1920 </b></span></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Model No. C189 - The Hillrose</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Model No. C172 - The Hazelton</span></td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Model No. 6003 - The Verndale</span></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"> Model No. C227 - The Castleton</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"> Model No. 247 - The Atlanta</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"> Model Nos. 2013 - The Elsmore</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Model No. 3044 - The Stone Ridge</span></td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> No. 3082 - The Hathaway</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Model No. 3190 - The Puritan</span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"> Model No. C3246 - The Maywood</span></td></tr>
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Model No. C3252 - The Pittsburgh</div>
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<span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: #444444;"><b> 1927-1932 </b></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Model No. P13049A - The Vallonia</span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"> Model No. P3202 - The Starlight</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /><span style="font-size: small;"> Model No. C3255 - The Lexington</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"> Model No. P13063 - The Americus</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">[1] "Images of Homes." Sears Brands LLC., accessed December 9, 2012.http://www.searsarchives.com/homes/1908-1914.htm.</span></div>
Red 3http://www.blogger.com/profile/12907054522953693163noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5119118916524236715.post-57702509440957680392012-12-11T02:19:00.003-05:002012-12-11T17:16:03.539-05:00US Navy Quonset Hut: A Product of American Industry<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Construction drawings of the 16' x 36' Quonset Hut Redesign (October 21, 1941)</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> The Quonset Huts continued to be modified at the manufacturing level throughout the production process. The manufacturers were concerned with not only the construction of the huts in the factory and their performance on the field, but also with efficiency of transportation. Crating the T-Rib Quonsets was eventually reduced to one quonset hut contained in three crates, out of an original 12<span style="font-size: xx-small;">[1]</span>, which, even without the contents considered, decreased the weight immensely.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> The first major redesign of the Quonset Hut introduced a new steel framing system as well as a new interior shape. The T-Rib was replaced with the Stran-Steel system of two lightweight steel channels welded back to back, forming an I-shaped member, with a serpentine shaped groove in between. The groove allowed for the use of friction held nails (instead of bolts)<span style="font-size: xx-small;">[2]</span>. Stran-Steel’s framing system outperformed the T-Rib system as it was lighter and faster to erect, without sacrificing the strength or structural integrity.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Next, the roof of the Quonset Hut was also redesigned into a segmented arch (rather than a full arch) to maximize usable floorspace, as now equipment up to four feet tall could be placed directly against the walls. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> On September 23, 1941, the production of the Quonset Huts was contracted from George A. Fuller and Co. to Stran-Steel Corp. (a subsidiary of the Great Lakes Steel Corp.). The steel corporation had already established itself in the market of residential light-weight steel framing prior to World War II, with its product making an international debut at the Chicago World Fair in 1933 in Homes of Tomorrow exhibit<span style="font-size: xx-small;">[3]</span>. The Good Housekeeping Stran-Steel House served as testimony to the strength and versatility of a lightweight steel framing system, which was already being</span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> specified for building extensions added to T-Rib Quonsets.</span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> The steel </span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">company</span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> revolutionized the designs again, bringing their previous experience with the hut, and their new steel technologies to the fore-front. The design was approved in October 1941 with Otto Brandenberger remaining the project leader. The new Stran-Steel Quonset reverted back to the full arch, sacrificing floor-space for ease of erection and more compact and lighter shipping. When this Quonset Hut was crated, it required less space than wood-framed canvas tents. </span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Stran-Steel Quonset Hut could be put up in one day, by ten men, with only hand tools and no specific skills to construct.</span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pre-fab. reproduction of the Good Housekeeping Stran-Steel House today (Wilmette, IL) </span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> At the end of 1942, Stran-Steel had gained extensive knowledge and experience in constructing and manufacturing the Quonset Huts, and they took over production. This was no surprise as earlier in the year, the corporation had proved that its product was inseparable from the design, and with more experience in mass-production than George A. Fuller and Co., it only made sense to sub-contract production to Stran-Steel. This way, the partnership between George A. Fuller and Co. and Meritt-Chapman and Scott Corp. could focus their efforts on the design, construction and general contracting of supplies for bases<span style="font-size: xx-small;">[4]</span>. The Navy also benefited in giving up the business involved in manufacturing, because they could shift their energies back to military duties and obtain the huts as they would any other piece of equipment now that the design had reached maturity.</span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Newspaper headline, December 7, 1941</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> In fact, the Quonset Hut was really a collaboration of a number of industries, not only did the US Navy, George A. Fuller and Co., Meritt-Chapman and Scott Corp., and Stran-Steel Corp. work together to design the Quonset Hut, but many more industries were needed when production levels increased dramatically. After the attack on Pearl Harbour on December 7, 1941, the navy increased Quonset production from 40 units/day to 150 units/day. The giants of the building industry were soon called into service in the production of different versions of the Quonset, and among these were Carnegie-Illinois Steel Corporation and </span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bethlehem Steel Company, (supplied steel- arched tees); Masonite Corporation (provided tempered pressed-wood); Kimberly-Clark Corporation (developed Kimsul insulation); and Libby Owen Ford (produced shatter-proof glass for windows)<span style="font-size: xx-small;">[5]</span>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-weight: 300;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">[1] </span></span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Julie Decker and Chris Chiei, Metal Living for a Modern Age. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, </span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">2005.</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: 300;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">[2] "Good Housekeeping Stran Steel House." MoMA Org, accessed December 9, 2012. </span></span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">http://www.momahomedelivery.org/.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">[3] "Good Housekeeping Stran-Steel House."</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">[4] Julie Decker and Chris Chiei.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">[5] Julie Decker and Chris Chiei.</span></div>
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Red 3http://www.blogger.com/profile/12907054522953693163noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5119118916524236715.post-22005906468488932702012-12-10T23:17:00.000-05:002012-12-11T16:40:33.729-05:00Good Housekeeping Stran-Steel House 1933<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Good Housekeeping Stan-Steel House 1933-4 <span style="font-size: xx-small;">[1]</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> In conjunction with Good Housekeeping Magazine and the Detroit-based architecture partnership of H. August O'Dell and Wirt C. Rowland, the Stran-Steel Corporation created the Good Housekeeping Stran-Steel House for the 1933 Chicago Century of Progress Exhibition's Houses of Tomorrow display. The house featured a steel frame sheathed with iron enamel modular panels, a previously unknown housing construction technique. </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Ad for the Good Housekeeping Stran-Steel House (1933) </span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">[2]</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> For this project,</span><span style="font-size: small;"> Stran-Steel Corp. revealed a framework of interlocking joints with new lightweight steel beams that were lighter, more flexible and twice as strong as wood. Also highlighting the benefits of steel in residential design were specialty designed nails that penetrated the girders, holding the wallboard on both the inside and outside of the structure. The result was a sturdy and well insulated building that would withstand severe weather. 8 x 2 ft. sheets of 3 in. thick baked iron enamel were used to cover the outside of the structure, which not only provided a fire-proof surface but also gave an illusion of brick and helped as insulation</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">[3]</span><span style="font-size: small;">.</span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: 600;"> </span><span style="font-size: small;"> The 1 300 sq. ft. house sold for roughly $110 000 US</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">[4]</span><span style="font-size: small;"> today, and it was one of the few houses replicated for fabrication after the exhibition. Stran-Steel's growing reputation for livable and innovative steel design, specifically around modular structures, and prefabrication, would draw the attention of George A. Fuller and Co. and the US Navy when an increase in production and redesign of the Quonset Hut became necessary. </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">[1] "Good Housekeeping Stran Steel House." MoMA Org, accessed December 9, 2012. </span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">http://www.momahomedelivery.org/.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">[2] "Good Housekeeping Stran-Steel House." Marshall.Edu.Org., accessed December 9 2012,http://users.marshall.edu/~brooks/stran-steel.htm.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">[3] "Good Housekeeping Stran-Steel House." Marshall.Edu.Org.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">[4] </span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">"Good Housekeeping Stran Steel House." MoMA Org.</span></div>
Red 3http://www.blogger.com/profile/12907054522953693163noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5119118916524236715.post-77502238391274222382012-12-10T20:13:00.002-05:002012-12-11T17:09:45.820-05:00The Manning Portable Colonial Cottage (1833)<h4>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Manning Colonial Cottages for emigrants were often tranformed into schools, hospitals, stores etc. <span style="font-size: xx-small;">[1]</span></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: HelveticaNeue; font-size: x-small;"> </span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Prefabrication in the West ultimately begins in the 16th and 17th centuries, with Great Britain's colonization of what is now India, the Middle East, Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the United States. Building components were manufactured in England and shipped to various colonies worldwide, where it was not known exactly what/how much raw materials would be available to new settlers upon their arrival in unfamiliar territory.</span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Map of the British Empire at its height in 1922 <span style="font-size: xx-small;">[2]</span></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> The earliest of these prefabricated houses were sent to the fishing village of Cape Anne (Massachusetts) in 1624. During the period of Australian settlement in the late 1700s, prefabricated hospitals, storehouses and cottages were shipped to Sydney - all of these were simple timber-framed structures with timber panel roofs, floors and walls. During colonization of South Africa in 1820, shed-like wooden cottages were sent with relief missions of settlers. They consisted of pre-cut timber frames, with board-battered siding trimmed on-site, and completed window and door components<span style="font-size: xx-small;">[3]</span>. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-M33Mi8W5AzI/UMaEJ8olfeI/AAAAAAAAAnI/uc5rJyjmow0/s1600/imagen5.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-M33Mi8W5AzI/UMaEJ8olfeI/AAAAAAAAAnI/uc5rJyjmow0/s640/imagen5.JPG" height="616" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Manning Portable Colonial Cottage for Emigrants (1933)</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> The Manning Portable Colonial Cottage was the next stage in this evolution of the prefabricated home, developed by London carpenter and builder, H. John Manning. This design was an improvement on earlier frame and infill designs because it offered ease of construction. He set out to create a confortable, easily constructed cottage for his son who was immigrating to Australia in 1830. This prototype became the first documented completely prefabricated house. It was a timber and panel infill prefabricated system made up of grooved posts, floor plates and triangulated trusses which became the pitched roof. The system was standardized and interchangeable, with panels that fit between grooved posts. These posts would be bolted into a continuous floor plate on bearers. The posts carried a wall plate with supported triangulated trusses, with wood panel cladding. The cottage was designed to be mobile and easily shipped. </span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Manning explained, "As none of the pieces are heavier than a man or boy could easily carry for several miles, it might be taken even to a distance without the aid of any beast of burthen"<span style="font-size: xx-small;">[4]</span>. The lack of transportation infrastructure in new colonies makes this point particularly important. </span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> The entire building could go together with a standard wrench, without any joints, cutting, or even nails, which was feasible for unskilled emigrants with limited tools available. </span><br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-HxCUGb5-Aao/UMaEEQTo8wI/AAAAAAAAAnA/9kJ-45xL6Lw/s1600/imagen1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-HxCUGb5-Aao/UMaEEQTo8wI/AAAAAAAAAnA/9kJ-45xL6Lw/s640/imagen1.JPG" height="328" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> The cottage was a commercial success, and Manning ended up developing several models of different sizes and cost. The Manning Portable Colonial Cottage immediately became a solution for the rapidly expanding British colonies throughout the 19th century.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small; outline: none; text-decoration: initial;">[1]</span><span style="font-family: verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"> </span><span style="font-family: verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">"Manning Colonial Cottage for Emigrants 1833-1840." Housing.com LLC, accessed Novemeber 18, 2012, http://www.housing </span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small; outline: none;"> .com/categories/homes/history-prefabricated-home/manning-portable-colonial-cottage-emigrants-1833-1840.html# </span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small; outline: none;"> ixzz2ERFUpG1B.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small; outline: none; text-decoration: initial;">[2] "Why is English the Dominant World Language." Jobs.au.uk, accessed December 5, 2012. http://www.jobs.ac.uk/tefl-</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small; outline: none; text-decoration: initial;"> journey/2012/01/11/why-is-english-the-dominant-world-language.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small; outline: none; text-decoration: initial;">[3] Ryan E. Smith, <i>Prefab Architecture: A Guide to Modular Design and Construction. </i>Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., </span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small; outline: none; text-decoration: initial;"> 2010.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small; outline: none; text-decoration: initial;">[1] "Manning Colonial Cottage for Emigrants 1833-1840."</span>Red 3http://www.blogger.com/profile/12907054522953693163noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5119118916524236715.post-44616405128972852752012-12-10T20:03:00.000-05:002012-12-11T15:28:42.913-05:00Construction<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="background: #444444; color: white; font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;"> The Origins of Barrel-Roof
Forms </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Quonset Huts share a common background with Roman
high style, vernacular curved-roofs, and rectangular plan structures<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5119118916524236715#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-size: xx-small; line-height: 115%;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>. The arch is the most
basic and essential structural component of the Quonset Hut. The arch allows
the hut to be elongated for long distances and maximizes the volume underneath
the arches using a barrel vault system, a masonry canopy of semi cylindrical
cross sections supported by parallel walls<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5119118916524236715#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; line-height: 115%;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>. Another way that these
barrel roofs were formed was using complex system of purlins and rafters to
form a semi cylindrical shape—the bow-string truss<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5119118916524236715#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; line-height: 115%;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>.</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-IZtDFlYErDE/UMaRgu-cM9I/AAAAAAAAAoY/dOIEYr_A3CE/s1600/construction+1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="229" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-IZtDFlYErDE/UMaRgu-cM9I/AAAAAAAAAoY/dOIEYr_A3CE/s1600/construction+1.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Example of barrel vault system in Tournus, France</span><br />Source: " Abbaye Saint-Philibert, Tournus," Sacred Destinations , Accessed Dec 12, 2012</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica;"></span><br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-7mTrGrzQrMA/UMaSdPiAIzI/AAAAAAAAAog/-yApEAUqy1Y/s1600/construction+2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="229" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-7mTrGrzQrMA/UMaSdPiAIzI/AAAAAAAAAog/-yApEAUqy1Y/s1600/construction+2.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Bowstring truss </span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica;"> </span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5119118916524236715#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 16.363636016845703px;">[1]</span></span></span></a> <span style="background-color: white; color: #444444;">Thomas, Adam . "Soldiers of the Sword, Soldiers of the Ploughshare."<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><i>Quonset Huts in the Fort Collins Urban Growth Area</i>. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Dec. 2012.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><www .fcgov.com=".fcgov.com" historicpreservation="historicpreservation" pdf="pdf" quonset-doc.pdf="quonset-doc.pdf" style="background-color: white; color: #444444; line-height: 27.5px; text-indent: -40px;">.<span style="color: black;"><o:p></o:p></span></www></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5119118916524236715#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 15.454545021057129px;">[2]</span></span></span></a> <span style="background-color: white; color: #444444;">"Soldiers of the Sword, Soldiers of the Ploughshare."<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5119118916524236715#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 15.454545021057129px;">[3]</span></span></span></a> <span style="background-color: white; color: #444444;">"Soldiers of the Sword, Soldiers of the Ploughshare."<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span><br />
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Red 3http://www.blogger.com/profile/12907054522953693163noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5119118916524236715.post-16804515796991210902012-12-10T17:46:00.003-05:002012-12-11T16:33:46.938-05:00Quonset Huts in Vietnam, a photo essay<div class="separator tr_bq" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Although Quonset huts were primarily used during WWII, they were also present during the Vietnam war. The following are some pictures and personal accounts. </span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">An aerial view of the Naval Support Activity (NSA) Danang, 1966 </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;">Source. Herman 156</span></span></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">The OR Quonset Hut at 7th Surgical Hospital, Cu Chi, </span>7th Surgical Hospital (MA) Vietnam, taken by Dr. Neill Baker</span></td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 15.59090805053711px;">"The photo was taken prior to the construction of sand bag walls around the Quonset Hut. The mud shows what problems we faced in construction of the hospital. We used this door to take patients from pre-op to surgery and to take patients from surgery to post-op. This was considered the rear of the OR Quonset Hut. We had to build sand bag walls around the Quonset Hut before we were allowed to receive patients."</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Source: </span><span style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.3em;">Lt Col Neill H Baker, Army Medical Corp, Vietnam 1966-67</span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">The OR Quonset Hut at 7th Surgical Hospital interior, Cu Chi, 1966</span><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;">Source: 7th Surgical Hospital (MA) Vietnam, taken by Dr. Neill Baker</span></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Sandbagging the OR Quonset Hut 7th Surgical Hospital, CuChi,
Vietnam August,1966</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Source: <span style="font-size: x-small;">7th Surgical Hospital (MA) Vietnam, taken by </span>Don Elsom</span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Abandoned Hospital Complex, </span><span style="background-color: #fefefe; line-height: 15.600000381469727px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;">Pleiku, Vietnam; 1971</span><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;">Source: Joel Dinda </span></span></span></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Abandoned Hospital Complex, </span><span style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 15.600000381469727px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;">Pleiku, Vietnam; 1971</span><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;">Source: Joel Dinda </span></span></td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 15.59090805053711px;">"When I arrived in Pleiku, about half the buildings in the hospital complex had been abandoned, and most of the others housed the officers and staff of the 146th Signal Company. "</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Source: Joel Dinda</span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Seabee Team 0809 erecting the Quonset tool storage area at the equipment compound, Can Tho, Vietnam, April 1968</span><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;">Source: US Navy Seabee Museum</span></span></td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 15.575757026672363px;">EO1 William Wannoner, CMH2 Robert Riley, and SWC Charles Bixby erecting the quonset tool storage area at the new Seabee Team 0809 equipment compound</span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Company picnic volleyball game, Saigon, Feb 1967</span>Source: <span style="font-size: x-small;">Daniel P. Cotts </span><span style="font-size: x-small;">101st Radio Research Company 1966-`68</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Seabees erecting Quonset Hut, Chu Lai, Vietnam, April 25, 1966</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Source: US Navy Seabee Museum</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">"About half</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">way through my tour at Chu Lai, we moved into air-conditioned Quonset huts, with cement floors, sandbagged head-high, inside and out. We still called them hooches" </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Source: Dave Hunter, US Naval Academy Class of 1965. </span></span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-1j4nNlqLtf8/UMZgs2DHLnI/AAAAAAAAAlI/opQpI-sVWcM/s1600/vietnam+9.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-1j4nNlqLtf8/UMZgs2DHLnI/AAAAAAAAAlI/opQpI-sVWcM/s1600/vietnam+9.jpg" height="229" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: 18px; text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Officer's "Hooch", Chu Lai, 1967-68</span></span></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Hooch, Chu Lai, July 17, 1970</span><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;">Source: Vietnam from the backseat of a fighter-bomber </span></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="text-align: center;">"OPs quonset hut left, Supply quonset hut right. Admin quonset out of picture to left. Supply room destroyed by 122mm rocket in Spring 68"</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.727272033691406px; text-align: center;">Source: </span><span style="font-size: x-small; text-align: center;">Daniel P. Cotts </span><span style="font-size: x-small; text-align: center;">101st Radio Research Company </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; text-align: center;">1966-`68</span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="font-size: small;"> Latrine, Company A, 52nd Sig. Can Tho Airfield, 1969-70.</span></span></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="text-align: -webkit-left;">Source: </span><span style="text-align: -webkit-left;"><small>Riley Cook & James Barron </small></span></span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-BWEOE86UBVE/UMZlC5uj79I/AAAAAAAAAlo/NVbv1UJei8g/s1600/vietnam+13.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-BWEOE86UBVE/UMZlC5uj79I/AAAAAAAAAlo/NVbv1UJei8g/s1600/vietnam+13.jpg" height="229" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small; text-align: -webkit-left;">Dan Sweeney and friend, </span><span style="font-size: small; text-align: -webkit-left;"> Can Tho Airfield, </span><span style="font-size: small; text-align: -webkit-left;">1967-68,</span><span style="text-align: -webkit-left;"><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;">Source: Dan Sweeney</span></span></span></span></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">A </span><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small; text-align: -webkit-left;">friend of Dan Sweeney, </span><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small; text-align: -webkit-left;"> Can Tho Airfield, </span><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small; text-align: -webkit-left;">1967-68,</span><span style="background-color: white; text-align: -webkit-left;"><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;">Source: Dan Sweeney</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Jan K Herman, <i>Navy medicine in Vietnam: Oral histories from Dien Bien Phu to the fall of Saigon</i>, (North Carolina, McFarland and Co., 2009) 156</span></div>
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<span style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">"Vietnam from the backseat of a fighter-bomber," accessed Dec 10, 2012</span></span></div>
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Red 3http://www.blogger.com/profile/12907054522953693163noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5119118916524236715.post-33749390989295668612012-12-10T16:45:00.004-05:002012-12-11T17:09:17.287-05:00US Navy Quonset Hut: Planning for an Imminent War<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: x-small;">President Franklin D. Roosevelt </span><span style="background-color: white; font-size: xx-small;">[1]</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"> </span><span style="background-color: white;">In 1937, President Franklin D. Roosevelt began to prepare the United States for war, and on May 17th, 1938 US Congress passed the Naval Expansion Act, dedicating 1 billion dollars to enlarge the US Navy. The Naval board then built 25 new bases in the US and overseas. Included in this list of new air bases, was the shore-based aviation facility at Quonset Point Rhode Island. Construction commenced at Quonset Point on July 16th, 1940, with the project being awarded to two organizations on contract - the George A. Fuller and Company (one of the largest construction companies in North America at the time) and the Meritt-Chapman and Scott Corporation (a merger organization of three small salvage operations). </span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Pamphlet from Quonset Point Naval Air Station (1945)</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"> During </span>March of 1941, the Allies entered financial crisis. By June, England would no longer be able to purchase US arms and supplies. Due to the Neutrality Act of 1939, the US could not release arms to any warring country (such was Britain at the time) unless under “cash and carry” terms. Seeing the necessity to sustain US allies, President Roosevelt's Lend Lease Act was passed by Congress on March 11, which allowed the US to “sell, transfer title to, lend, lease or otherwise dispose of [articles of defense to] the government of any country whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the United States”<span style="font-size: xx-small;">[2]</span>. In response, Britain transferred ownership of properties at Gareloch and Stanraer, in Scotland, and Londonderry and Enniskillen, in Northern Ireland, to be used by the US as Forward Operating Bases (FOBs). As labour and material resources were quickly being drained by the war effort, the US military had to quickly supply buildings to house their troops.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Early Quonset Huts being erected in Northern Ireland (March 25, 1942)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Around the same time, George A. Fuller and Co. and Meritt-Chapman and Scott Corp. were just completing the Quonset Point base. The Navy then extended their contract with George A. Fuller and Co. in order for them to develop and mass-produce a new prefabricated hut system to shelter troops abroad that would be portable, quickly and easily assembled and dissembled, adaptable to any climate and geography, and provide the highest possible level of comfort and protection. Quonset Point was selected as the assembly port for all supplies and materials required for the construction of these bases, and the actual factory production work was to take place on 85 acres of land purchased in West Davisville. A railroad spur linked these two sites, and this allowed raw materials to arrive at the factory site (not interrupting the base activities), and then the completed units were shipped by rail to the pier, and via barge overseas. The Temporary Aviation Facilities (TAF) project, now estimated at $20.5 million, was officially set in motion, with the first shipment of huts and supplies to be ready by June 1<span style="font-size: xx-small;">[3]</span>.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Factory at West Davisville (1942)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> While the factory was being completed, George A. Fuller and Co. began working on the hut design. The only licensed architect on the team, Otto Brandenberger, was selected to be the project manager. <span style="background-color: white;"></span><span style="background-color: white;">A final set of construction drawings was submitted by Brandenberger’s team on May 15, 1941. </span><span style="background-color: white;">On June 11, 1941, a total of 450,000 cubic yards of materials and supplies, worth approximately $1.2 million<span style="font-size: xx-small;">[4]</span>, was prepared for loading. In less than one month, George A. Fuller and Co. had created a fully operational, mass-production facility generating huts on a scale that represented an annual output of $22 million per year.</span><span style="background-color: white;"> All of this was up and running, long before the US officially entered WWII on January 8, 1942, and at the war's end, an estimated 150 000 Quonset Huts had been built throughout the United States, and around the world</span><span style="background-color: white;">.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: xx-small;">[1] <i>Wikipedia, </i>s.v. "FDR," accessed December 5, 2012. </span></span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:FDR_in_1933.jpg.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">[2] Julie Decker and Chris Chiei, <i>Metal Living for a Modern Age.</i> New York: Princeton Architectural Press, </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"> 2005.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: xx-small;">[3] Decker and Chiei.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: xx-small;">[4] Decker and Chiei.</span></span>Red 3http://www.blogger.com/profile/12907054522953693163noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5119118916524236715.post-86610523167660544742012-12-10T14:27:00.003-05:002012-12-11T17:10:11.146-05:00US Navy Quonset Hut: Origin of Design<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">T-Rib Quonset (1941) </span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">[3]</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Simple to manufacture and easy to assemble, the US Navy Quonset hut is an easily recognizable architectural form, synonymous with American ingenuity and industry. The building was designed in 1941, as President Franklin D. Roosevelt had the United States preparing for the possibility of war. The Navy had approached the George A. Fuller Company to design a prefabricated, portable structure that could be easily and economically produced and shipped to military outposts.</span><br />
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<span style="vertical-align: 2pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Navy had instructed Brandenberger, and his team of engineers, to comply with only two </span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">conditions. First, the new huts had to be arch-shaped, for strength and deflection of shell fragments, and second, the structure must be of simple form (open to serve a variety of purposes), with the ability to for it to be quickly assembled by untrained personnel.</span><br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-stKDF7qwpmQ/UMYyGLB-saI/AAAAAAAAAho/VcJdbebRDG0/s1600/blog+Quonset+Hut+Detail+1+to+2+GOOD.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-stKDF7qwpmQ/UMYyGLB-saI/AAAAAAAAAho/VcJdbebRDG0/s400/blog+Quonset+Hut+Detail+1+to+2+GOOD.jpg" height="270" width="400" /></a><span style="font-size: xx-small;">[1]</span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Nissen Hut's corrugated metal panelling system (air cavity insulation only) <span style="font-size: xx-small;">[2]</span></span></td></tr>
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<span style="vertical-align: 2pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Brandenberger's team was directed to use, as precedent, the Nissen Hut (which itself was loosely based on the Iroquois longhouse), developed by British Major Peter Nissen during WWI. The open interior was meant to provide optimal flexibility, being used for offices, barracks and sleeping quarters. The original T-Rib Quonset Hut followed Nissen's designs very closely, both having 16 ft diameters with identical steel arched frames. The principle difference was within the wall systems, as when the team of engineers first analyzed the Nissen Hut, a common complaint was the lack of proper insulation which left the huts too cold in the winter and too hot in the summer. To overcome this design flaw, Brandenberger's team proposed a thin, lightweight pressed-wood lining of 3/16-inch Masonite held to the rib flange with a attachment clip, and then covered with a one-inch-thick layer of paper insulation. This insulating system was then covered with an exterior of corrugated metal panels mounted on wood purlins. The Nissen had a more complicated corrugated metal paneling system (both interior and exterior), which relied solely on the air cavity between panels for its thermal barrier<span style="font-size: xx-small;"> [3]</span>. Thus, the T-Rib Quonset Huts provided the US troops with a greater level of comfort.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">More effectively insulated Quonset huts being used at Cold Bay, Alaska (1942)</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">[4]</span></div>
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<span style="vertical-align: 2pt;"><span style="vertical-align: 2pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> 3 months after initiating the design, the US Military now possessed a new demountable structure that could be shipped in 12 crates and put up in one day by ten labourers who required no special training or skills. At the end of 1941, the Quonset Huts were given a field test that proved their success in winter use, as 8 200 T-Rib Quonset huts were shipped to Iceland. According to George A. Fuller Co.: "A night gale of hurricane proportion that wrecked shipping in the harbour.... ripped the covering off of many British Nissen huts, left the Quonset huts practically undamaged"<span style="font-size: xx-small;">[3]</span>.</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: 600; vertical-align: 2pt;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small; vertical-align: 2pt;">[1] Group 2, "The Castrum and the Quonset Hut." Blogger.com, accessed November 1, 2012. http://castrumandquo </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small; vertical-align: 2pt;"> nset.blogspot.ca/</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small; vertical-align: 2pt;">[2] "World In Conflict: WWII Memories." East Riding of Yorkshire Council, accessed December 5, 2012. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small; vertical-align: 2pt;"> http://www.eriding.net/worldinconflict/glossary.shtml.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small; vertical-align: 2pt;">[3] "The Huts." Quonset.org, accessed December 1, 2012. http://www.quonsethuts.org/huts/index.htm.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="vertical-align: 2pt;">[4] </span><span style="color: #444444; line-height: 12px;">Julie Decker and Chris Chiei, </span><i style="color: #444444; line-height: 12px;">Metal Living for a Modern Age.</i><span style="color: #444444; line-height: 12px;"> New York: Princeton Architectural Press, </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 12px;"> 2005.</span></span><br />
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Red 3http://www.blogger.com/profile/12907054522953693163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5119118916524236715.post-4792664054854460152012-12-10T11:03:00.000-05:002012-12-11T15:01:15.008-05:00Iceland (OSS World War II Intelligence Report) pt1-2 1942 Office of Strategic SExcerpts from Iceland (OSS World War II Intelligence Report) pt1-2 1942 Office of Strategic Services.<br />
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Red 3http://www.blogger.com/profile/12907054522953693163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5119118916524236715.post-44335848045038612842012-12-10T00:01:00.000-05:002012-12-11T17:12:00.716-05:00Twelve O'Clock High<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Finally a movie with an actual Quonset Hut in it. There is even a motivational speech given in one by none other than Gregory Peck. What could be better? All nerdy crushes aside, this is an interior of a period Quonset Hut. It's a good depiction of what Quonset Huts would have been used for at air force installations in WWII; a multipurpose building for planning sessions and mission briefs with the crews. </span>Red 3http://www.blogger.com/profile/12907054522953693163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5119118916524236715.post-47854061370840097192012-12-09T23:20:00.000-05:002012-12-11T17:12:27.511-05:00Iron Prefabrication and the Crystal Palace<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Interior view of the Crystal Palace (1851)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> The same British colonial movement that brought about the Manning Portable Cottage also introduced iron manufacturing in building construction. Building components, such as windows, lintels, trusses, beams and columns could now all be manufactured at a foundry, fabricated in a work shop, and immediately assembled in structural systems on the job site. The roots of the steel structural movement in the US can be traced back to this first prefabrication with iron construction. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">The world's first cast iron bridge, crossing the River Severn in Shropshire, England (1779)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> In Britain, iron construction was first used in the building of bridges, and it was the streamlining of this production and erection process that showed promise. The first ever prefabricated cast iron bridge (above) was almost entirely made of prefabricated pieces, and erected onsite over a two year period. The bridge was designed by British Architect, Thomas Pritchard, as a semicircular arch spanning 30.6 m (containing 5 arch ribs, each cast in two halves) and built by iron-founder Abraham Darby III <span style="font-size: xx-small;">[1]</span>. Pieces became standardized (they could be cast repeatedly), and shipped to the site with fewer and less skilled labourers needed to put them together. This saved time and money compared with traditional wood or masonry construction. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Soon the benefits of this system could be applied to shipbuilding, where heavy plates riveted together to form units could be assembled, disassembled and reassembled. In the mid 1800s, lighthouses and other building types were constructed using the same technology. </span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Before contemporary structural steel, cast iron construction used mass-produced and interchangeable components that served a wide variety of uses with a number of applications. Standardizing the manufacturing aspect of production translated into time and money saved through economy of scale. The technology became a frame, upon which one could mould any number of stylistic expressions (Gothic, Baroque, etc.) <span style="font-size: xx-small;">[2]</span>.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This idea of building easily erected designs led to pursuing prefabricated design, especially at the onset of the Industrial Revolution. The</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> single most extensive use of this material was in the standardized structure and infill enclosure of the Crystal Palace during the Great Exhibition of 1851 in England. </span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">British engineers produced the Crystal Palace around the concept of prefabricated and demountable modules. These modules pioneered a new ease of construction, which not only allowed all 19 acres of the original building to be built in an unprecedented 9 month span, but also allowed the entire building to be relocated from the site in Central London to Kent in 1854. While incorporating most of the parts of the original building, the re-invention formed a very different Beaux-arts structure. </span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">It was constructed of new cast-iron structure, prefabricated units, and a glass curtain wall. </span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> The main gallery was redesigned and covered with a new barrel-vaulted roof, the central transept was heightened and greatly enlarged and two new transepts were added at either end of the main gallery. It stayed in Sydenham Hill until it burned down in 1936. Though it was not the first, or last, in cast iron architecture, the Crystal Palace linked the Manning Cottage pre-cut timber framing with the new material of the day. The Crystal Palace is also important because it represents a shift in the modern architect's understanding of what is beautiful, suggesting that beauty may be as simple as the functional means of production. Joseph Paxton's Crystal Palace has been called “proto-modern architecture” and was widely imitated in Europe and the US </span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">[3]. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: xx-small;">[1] "Building the Iron Bridge." Ironbridge Gorge Museum Trust, accessed November 15, 2012, http://www.ironbr</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: xx-small;"> idge.org.uk/collections/the-iron-bridge/building-the-iron-bridge.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: xx-small;">[2] <span style="background-color: white;">Ryan E. Smith, </span><i style="background-color: white;">Prefab Architecture: A Guide to Modular Design and Construction. </i><span style="background-color: white;">Hoboken: John Wiley & </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="background-color: white;"> Sons, Inc., 2010.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: xx-small;">[3]<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 12px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 12px;">"The Great Exhibition at the Crystal Palace." Victorian Station, accessed November 15, 2012, http://www. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 12px;"> victorianstation.com/pa</span></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: xx-small; line-height: 12px;">lace.html.</span></div>
Red 3http://www.blogger.com/profile/12907054522953693163noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5119118916524236715.post-52523561873867321982012-12-09T22:51:00.005-05:002012-12-10T17:59:22.564-05:00The Fighting Seabees, a Comic<br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">"True Comic" comicbook added a chapter in a 1943 series on the Fighting Seabees which was used as a recruiting tool during WWII.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Source: True Comic Issue #29, (<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 14.300000190734863px;">Chicago: True Comics, Inc., 1941 - 1959).</span></span></div>
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Red 3http://www.blogger.com/profile/12907054522953693163noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5119118916524236715.post-83425736378421313812012-12-09T20:12:00.000-05:002012-12-11T17:12:51.193-05:00The Assembly of Modern Quonset Huts<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A time-lapse video showing how a modern Quonset Hut is assembled. It has a similar structure to the WWII model, however, instead of a rib and purlin frame with exterior cover sheets, large corrugated steel ribs become both the frame and the cover, making assembly faster and easier.</span>Red 3http://www.blogger.com/profile/12907054522953693163noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5119118916524236715.post-54193529512745755252012-12-09T19:59:00.001-05:002012-12-11T15:11:47.827-05:00Alternative Assemblies <span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The principle for building all
types of Quonset huts are the same. However, some Seabee Battalions created
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90<sup>th</sup> Battalion at Iwo Jima, for example, developed a time-saving method
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another. After the frame was erected, the Seabees carried the huts to the dried
foundation<a href="file:///C:/Users/FionaLu/Desktop/Quonset%20Hut/The%20Construction%20of%20Quonset%20huts.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: xx-small; line-height: 115%;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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bolted to the floors of the Quonset huts and created mobile camps nicknamed “<i>Wannigans</i>”<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: xx-small; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/FionaLu/Desktop/Quonset%20Hut/The%20Construction%20of%20Quonset%20huts.docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title="">[2].</a></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/FionaLu/Desktop/Quonset%20Hut/The%20Construction%20of%20Quonset%20huts.docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">On dry land, similar methods like the “<i>Wannigans</i>” were used. Rather than sled runners, steel semi-trailer
systems built using stock steel components and wheels from heavy equipment
vehicles were used to relocate Quonset huts from Camp Deluz, California. 20-B
cranes were used to lift the entire hut and secured to the trailer that was pulled
by a KR-10 tracker at 25mph to its new location<a href="file:///C:/Users/FionaLu/Desktop/Quonset%20Hut/The%20Construction%20of%20Quonset%20huts.docx#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>.</span></div>
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Chiei, <i>How the Hut Came to Be</i>, (NJ,
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Chiei, 27<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Chiei, 27</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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Red 3http://www.blogger.com/profile/12907054522953693163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5119118916524236715.post-76859290750877610572012-12-09T18:10:00.001-05:002012-12-11T15:34:02.881-05:00Seabees and the Assembly of the Quonset Huts<br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">According to an instruction manual by the U.S. Naval
Civil Engineering laboratory, the 40’ x 100’ Utility Quonset Hut could be assembled
by 10 men in 323 hours<a href="file:///C:/Users/FionaLu/Desktop/Quonset%20Hut/The%20Construction%20of%20Quonset%20huts.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: xx-small; line-height: 115%;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>.
The assembly was divided into four
sections: ribs and purlins, end wall framing, roof sheeting, and building
flashing, each requiring 68, 93, 157, and 5 man-hours respectively<a href="file:///C:/Users/FionaLu/Desktop/Quonset%20Hut/The%20Construction%20of%20Quonset%20huts.docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: xx-small; line-height: 115%;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>.
Although this is the manual to construct
a larger version of the standard Quonset Hut, the principle is the same for the
assembly of all types of Quonset Huts. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The ribs and purlins are first assembled on the ground, and
then hoisted to the foundation by a manila rope choker attached to the crown
of the rib<a href="file:///C:/Users/FionaLu/Desktop/Quonset%20Hut/The%20Construction%20of%20Quonset%20huts.docx#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: xx-small; line-height: 115%;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>.
The rib is guided into place and attached onto the foundation by anchor bolts.
Purlins are then bolted to the ribs to stabilize the frame laterally. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The endwall frames are similar to the body of
the Quonset Hut, with ribs and girt that are fastened by studs. Cover sheets
and door leaves are attached to the endwall frames<a href="file:///C:/Users/FionaLu/Desktop/Quonset%20Hut/The%20Construction%20of%20Quonset%20huts.docx#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: xx-small; line-height: 115%;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>.
The cover sheets are placed horizontally
and self-tapping metal screws are used to secure the sheets to the structural
frame. Then 3’x7’ walk-in doors and 2’x9” windows are installed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Roof sheeting is used to cover the main body frame. The
sheeting is placed, caulked and fastened. Lap joints in the sheeting are
caulked by hand-operated mastic guns and stitched with self-tapping metal
screws<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/FionaLu/Desktop/Quonset%20Hut/The%20Construction%20of%20Quonset%20huts.docx#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>.</span> </span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Finally, steel flashings are installed in the junctions
between the endwalls and roof, and in the openings around the windows and
walk-in doors. Prefabricated flashing was provided, and was field-cut to fit.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The layout of the Quonset camps are determined by the planning
instructions provided to the Seabees. A slight rearrangement of the plan is
permissible, however the huts must remain scattered at a distance to prevent
more than one possible hit in a single pass of an air raid. Further protection from planes is achieved through banking earth over part of the shelter. The
covering should be about 3 ½ feet above floor level and sloped back 15 degrees<a href="file:///C:/Users/FionaLu/Desktop/Quonset%20Hut/The%20Construction%20of%20Quonset%20huts.docx#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: xx-small; line-height: 115%;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>.
The occupants of the Quonset Hut are then protected against the
effects of bursts at a distance. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Modifications to the assembly of the Quonset Hut
may be made based on its geographical location. In tropical regions, it may be desirable to
omit the embankments and support the hut on blocks to permit circulation of air
beneath the hut, prevent flooding, and reduce termite damage<a href="file:///C:/Users/FionaLu/Desktop/Quonset%20Hut/The%20Construction%20of%20Quonset%20huts.docx#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: xx-small; line-height: 115%;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>. Water collecting troughs, and overhangs created by insert bulkheads were also added, while the oil heater and vent stack were replaced by a third ventilator. </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"> In colder climates, </span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">heat loss and dampness can be prevented by layering the
floor panels with tarred paper during or after construction of the hut</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/FionaLu/Desktop/Quonset%20Hut/The%20Construction%20of%20Quonset%20huts.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: xx-small; line-height: 115%;">[8]</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">. In addition, residual framing lumber was used to create a separate entry to trap the cold air, and prevent it from entering the hut. </span><br />
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U.S. Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory, <i>Evaluation
of 40- by 100- foot Arch-Rib Utility Building</i>, (California, Port Hueneme, 1963)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/FionaLu/Desktop/Quonset%20Hut/The%20Construction%20of%20Quonset%20huts.docx#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> U.S.
Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/FionaLu/Desktop/Quonset%20Hut/The%20Construction%20of%20Quonset%20huts.docx#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Chris Chiei, <i>How the Hut Came to Be</i>,
(NJ, Princeton Architecture Press, 2005), 14<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/FionaLu/Desktop/Quonset%20Hut/The%20Construction%20of%20Quonset%20huts.docx#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> Chiei,
14<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/FionaLu/Desktop/Quonset%20Hut/The%20Construction%20of%20Quonset%20huts.docx#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 14px;">[8]</span></span></span></a> Chiei, 14</span><br />
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Red 3http://www.blogger.com/profile/12907054522953693163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5119118916524236715.post-65582413383273322032012-12-09T13:34:00.000-05:002012-12-11T17:16:54.103-05:00Corrugated Iron and Steel Construction<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5IqRuqyNXhI/UMQoDw7PF8I/AAAAAAAAASg/f3aCAibj5Sc/s1600/Corrugated+Iron+Rolling+Machine.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5IqRuqyNXhI/UMQoDw7PF8I/AAAAAAAAASg/f3aCAibj5Sc/s1600/Corrugated+Iron+Rolling+Machine.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Corrugated iron was a key innovation in metalwork that came about in the early 1800s. Although prefabrication of frames was already a well-established concept, panel and spanning material were underdeveloped. Canvas or wood planking on top of iron trusses had been the traditional approach to roofing in most prefabricated buildings, including the Manning Cottage. The replacement of this system with corrugated metals, notably iron, and later the carbon and iron alloy, steel, meant that these buildings could be more quickly constructed, affordable and structurally sound. Corrosion presented problems until 1837, when many companies began to hot-dip galvanize metals for protection. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ewp7PQI-b0o/UMbhEnmMXJI/AAAAAAAAAxI/ZEVAnBGVXkI/s1600/corrugate.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ewp7PQI-b0o/UMbhEnmMXJI/AAAAAAAAAxI/ZEVAnBGVXkI/s400/corrugate.png" height="207" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Corrugated metal run through rollers at the T-Rib Quonset hut factory, Davisville, RI (1941) </span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Corrugated iron in portable buildings offered great potential, as the sheets could be nested in multiple layers (economical for transit) and could be cut into 3 ft x 2 ft panels easily carried by one person </span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">[1]</span>. This was especially important for building large numbers of these buildings, by relatively few labourers, without the aid of additional machinery. </span><br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jtHfWJIV6MQ/UMTY7WqdQfI/AAAAAAAAAUM/NYKcdlkMisk/s1600/Quonsett.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jtHfWJIV6MQ/UMTY7WqdQfI/AAAAAAAAAUM/NYKcdlkMisk/s400/Quonsett.jpg" height="400" width="308" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Corrugated iron used in housing kits was first widely used in the San Francisco Gold Rush of the mid-1800s, when all the people who came in search of their fortunes needed housing. Entrepreneurs publicly advertised these new housing kits to customers, who could then order and build themselves the shelter of their choice. These mass-produced corrugated iron buildings had a significant impact on the design of the Quonset Hut in WWII, which continued to use the large (easily handled) proliferated panels, though they were made of steel. The corrugated metal siding of the hut exterior was a very important production detail. The team wanted to orient the ribs of the corrugation parallel to the radius of the building in order to easily shed water. This unfortunately posed a huge problem for the production level, where the technologies of the time could only bend sheet metal in one direction, and bending the metal a second time, at an angle perpendicular to the first proved difficult. The problem was finally solved by a Fuller subcontractor, the Anderson Sheet Metal Company of Providence, which created a system of passing the sheet metal through large rollers multiple times <span style="font-size: xx-small;">[2]</span>. Corrugated iron and steel was an important invention, which not only greatly impacted the design of the US Navy Quonset Hut, but also fulfilled a need in economical, transportable, quickly-erected architecture.</span><span style="font-family: HelveticaNeue; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: HelveticaNeue; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">__________________________________</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #444444;">[1] </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #444444;">Ryan E. Smith, </span><i style="background-color: white; color: #444444;">Prefab Architecture: A Guide to Modular Design and Construction. </i><span style="background-color: white; color: #444444;">Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #444444;">[2] "Quonset Hut." Washington State DAHP, accessed December 1, 2012. </span><span style="color: #444444;">http://www.dahp.wa.gov/styles/quonset-hut.</span></span></div>
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Red 3http://www.blogger.com/profile/12907054522953693163noreply@blogger.com9tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5119118916524236715.post-50728794355868744732012-12-09T00:50:00.002-05:002012-12-10T12:18:47.967-05:00Fordism
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<span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> The principles of standardization, mass production, and streamlined productivity that is integral to manufacturing today can be traced to Henry Ford's invention of the Model T assembly line. This new process produced higher quality automobiles at a lower cost. As well, a more precise product was created with a decreased labour force, and with less time per unit output. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> The development made in pre-cut light-frame systems took advantage of this new process and technologies of production. By 1910, many companies had begun to offer prefabricated housing kits of varying scales and quality. Standardization is the
limitation to the variety in product produced so that
machines may be able to output set lengths, widths,
and assemblies. This removes the waste associated with variability options and the margin of error
in end products. Mass production operates on the idea of the economy of scale, where with higher production levels of something, the
cheaper and higher quality that product can become. Ford also became extremely involved with interchangeability of automobile parts - where parts are created to be used in a number of different
end products <span style="font-size: xx-small;">[1]</span>. A prime example of this way of thinking that was transferred into the housing industry is the 2 × 4. Houses may all
be different, but all are built from this standardized,
mass-produced part. In the Ford factory, threading for
bolts became standardized allowing for easier and faster connections. Flow is the assembly line concept where complex and specialized machinery shape products which are driven on a line, where labourers perform a limited number of tasks
in the operation. This repetition of task reduces time as well as the level of training required for these employees, who now instead of needing to learn a complex art of construction, they learn and become specialized at performing one very straight-forward and repeated task. This kind of rapid production became reflected in the nature of products produced via this method, as the assembly process removed much of the ornament (curvature, intricate decoration, etc.). However, with the decline of a traditional, hand-crafted appearance, a new aesthetic took its place; one which became involved with efficiency. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> T</span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">he mass-production process transformed the order and sensibilities of society; what was produced became secondary to the actual method of production.</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> The industrialized world understands these principles because they have
become accepted standards used by manufacturers of products
in many industries, including the building industry</span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">[1] </span><span style="font-family: verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Ryan E. Smith, </span><i style="font-family: verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Prefab Architecture: A Guide to Modular Design and Construction. </i><span style="font-family: verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010.</span>Red 3http://www.blogger.com/profile/12907054522953693163noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5119118916524236715.post-42195659056584049342012-12-09T00:48:00.004-05:002012-12-10T18:01:31.803-05:00Seabees and the Invasion of Normandy<br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">During
the summer of 1943, planning for the invasion of Normandy was underway in
Quebec. The role of the American naval forces was to land on the French coast.
In order for the mission to be accomplished successfully, supply depots, large
enough to store and issue great quantities of naval supplies and shore bases to
support the upcoming amphibious needed to be built. Base construction first
began in southern England in preparation for the battle of Normandy</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The
largest single base construction was built onto the golf course of a country
club in Exeter, Devon. Construction for the depot began on Oct 11, 1943 which 578
000 sq feet of covered storage most of which provided by 40 x 100 feet Quonset-huts,
personnel quarters for 1 000 men and office facilities provided by standard
sized Quonset-hut, and 7 miles of roadway to serve the base were built. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Other
principal locations along the English Channel for the amphibious base include
Falmouth, Fowey, Plymouth, Salcombe, Dartmouth, and Teignmouth. </span></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-zNtP8JvPi7U/UMQkAJuDSgI/AAAAAAAAAR0/NfyGLl3uyzE/s1600/7day8.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-zNtP8JvPi7U/UMQkAJuDSgI/AAAAAAAAAR0/NfyGLl3uyzE/s1600/7day8.jpg" height="372" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Existing houses
and hotels in these locations provided housing for soldiers, however they were
limited and new forms of housing needed to be built. These housing usually
consisted of Quonset hut, or similar huts of British design – Nissen Huts, and
tents. In Plymouth and Milford are two major hospitals provided entirely of
Quonset Huts with the capacity to hold 500 beds and 200 beds respectively. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><i><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;">Personnel accommodations provided in England</span></i></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;">Location</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<td colspan="3" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 150.25pt;" valign="top" width="200"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;">New camps</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;">Alterations</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;">Total</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Huts<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tents<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">British<br />
barracks<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Houses and<br />
hotels<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<td colspan="2" style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.4pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Total<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 40.1pt;" valign="top" width="53"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Officers<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Enlisted<br />
Personnel<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Officers<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Enlisted<br />
Personnel<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Officers<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<td colspan="2" style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Enlisted<br />
Personnel<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Officers<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Enlisted<br />
Personnel<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Officers<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Enlisted<br />
Personnel<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 59.95pt;" valign="top" width="80"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Falmouth<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 40.1pt;" valign="top" width="53"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">48<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">2059<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">---<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1146<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">---<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">---<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">120<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">528<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">168<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">3733<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 59.95pt;" valign="top" width="80"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Fowey<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 40.1pt;" valign="top" width="53"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">104<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1500<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">---<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">---<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">---<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">---<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">101<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">930<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">205<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">2430<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 59.95pt;" valign="top" width="80"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Plymouth<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 40.1pt;" valign="top" width="53"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">482<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">4172<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">---<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">186<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">106<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">296<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">45<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">371<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">633<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">5025<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 59.95pt;" valign="top" width="80"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Salcombe<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 40.1pt;" valign="top" width="53"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">32<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">900<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">---<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">---<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">---<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">---<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">105<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">893<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">137<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1793<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 59.95pt;" valign="top" width="80"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dartmouth<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 40.1pt;" valign="top" width="53"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">138<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">750<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">---<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">462<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">150<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1750<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">90<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">344<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">378<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">3306<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 59.95pt;" valign="top" width="80"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Teignmouth<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 40.1pt;" valign="top" width="53"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">8<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">---<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">---<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">---<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">---<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">---<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">48<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">817<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">56<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">817<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 59.95pt;" valign="top" width="80"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Milford Haven<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 40.1pt;" valign="top" width="53"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">71<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">800<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">---<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">---<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">---<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">102<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">---<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">---<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">71<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">902<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 59.95pt;" valign="top" width="80"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Penarth<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 40.1pt;" valign="top" width="53"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">28<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">425<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">---<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">---<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">---<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">---<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">47<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">514<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">75<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">939<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 59.95pt;" valign="top" width="80"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">St. Mawes<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 40.1pt;" valign="top" width="53"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">8<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">264<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">---<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">---<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">---<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">---<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">62<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">530<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">70<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">794<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 59.95pt;" valign="top" width="80"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Saltash<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 40.1pt;" valign="top" width="53"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">0<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">150<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">---<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">---<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">---<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">---<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">30<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">150<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">30<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">300<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 59.95pt;" valign="top" width="80"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Calstock<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 40.1pt;" valign="top" width="53"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">---<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">---<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">---<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">---<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">---<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">---<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">20<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">125<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">20<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">125<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 59.95pt;" valign="top" width="80"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Weymouth<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 40.1pt;" valign="top" width="53"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">---<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">---<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">80<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">500<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">120<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1113<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">26<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">679<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">226<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">2292<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 59.95pt;" valign="top" width="80"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Poole<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 40.1pt;" valign="top" width="53"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">---<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">---<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">---<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">402<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">150<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1160<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">19<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">100<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">169<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1662<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 59.95pt;" valign="top" width="80"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Southampton<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 40.1pt;" valign="top" width="53"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">24<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">34<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">---<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">250<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">---<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">---<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">53<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">366<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">77<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">650<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Because the Seabees were so essential to the Invasion of Normandy, an establishment of Seabee base of operations near the English Channel would bring the Seabees closer to action. This base of operations was established on March 1944 at Heathfield , Devon. For the first month, the 81<sup>st</sup> Battalion worked on the camp before construction was turned over to the 29<sup>th</sup> Battalion in late April. When complete, the camp provided housing for 1000 men, a third of which be in the form of Quonset Huts and the remainder where tents. Storage, repair facilities for construction and transport were also provided through larger versions of Quonset Huts. </span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nP2C26KAuYQ/UMQkAuefaBI/AAAAAAAAAR8/-8OZ7K5E_uk/s1600/bases2-p98.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nP2C26KAuYQ/UMQkAuefaBI/AAAAAAAAAR8/-8OZ7K5E_uk/s1600/bases2-p98.jpg" height="520" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="font-size: small;">Open storage area, left and upper left; large single quonset hut, transportation department's garage; small huts, offices and personnel quarters; two double huts (right foreground), messhall and recreation huts; tents used for temporarily housing transient Seabees.</span></span></td></tr>
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<br />Red 3http://www.blogger.com/profile/12907054522953693163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5119118916524236715.post-18163651669282240452012-12-07T21:45:00.003-05:002012-12-07T23:10:03.413-05:00The Quonset hut and Dymaxion House<br />
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<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">While researching the Quonset hut, I stumbled across
a reference to the Dymaxion House, which another group is doing a case study
of.</span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="313" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-45buWIL6fb0/UMKpdo-SOsI/AAAAAAAAAEY/4m0mcQO3mhY/s400/tumblr_m7vt2ansOn1ruu90ro1_1280.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="400" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Buckminster Fuller's Dymaxion House</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">The Dymaxion House, designed in 1927 by Richard Buckminster
Fuller, is hexagonal –shaped metal structure suspended from a central mast that
housed all the equipment for kitchen, laundry and servicing</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/FionaLu/Desktop/Quonset%20Hut/The%20Quonset%20hut%20and%20Dymaxion%20House.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="line-height: 115%;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[1]</span></span></span></a><span style="line-height: 115%;">.
It is designed to be adaptable to any site or environment, and was to be mass
produced for the low cost of $1 200/unit</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/FionaLu/Desktop/Quonset%20Hut/The%20Quonset%20hut%20and%20Dymaxion%20House.docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="line-height: 115%;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[2]</span></span></span></a><span style="line-height: 115%;">. Later
in 1942, Buckminster Fuller collaborated with Emmanuel Norquist of Butler Manufacturing
Company, the largest general metal sheet fabricator experienced with the use of
corrugated metal sheets in the U.S, to design the Dymaxion Deployment Unit
(DDU) to provide wartime housing during WWII</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/FionaLu/Desktop/Quonset%20Hut/The%20Quonset%20hut%20and%20Dymaxion%20House.docx#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="line-height: 115%;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[3]</span></span></span></a><span style="line-height: 115%;">.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">“Corrugated metal structure”, “mass-produced”, “wartime
housing during WWII”, sound familiar?<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Unfortunately, the DDU did not gain the same
popularity as the Quonset Huts despite three plants planned to produce 1000
units per day<a href="file:///C:/Users/FionaLu/Desktop/Quonset%20Hut/The%20Quonset%20hut%20and%20Dymaxion%20House.docx#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>.
Only a few hundred units were built to house Signal Corps and for operating
rooms in the U.S Army before steel shortage ensued whic<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">h resulted in the eventual cancellation of DDU production</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/FionaLu/Desktop/Quonset%20Hut/The%20Quonset%20hut%20and%20Dymaxion%20House.docx#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; line-height: 115%;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white;">However, </span>“Fuller’s
ideas challenged the concept of a frame structure by articulating an option in
which the shape of the building and the use of standardized curved corrugated
metal sheets created an envelope that also served as the structure”<a href="file:///C:/Users/FionaLu/Desktop/Quonset%20Hut/The%20Quonset%20hut%20and%20Dymaxion%20House.docx#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
which can be reflected by the design of the Quonset Hut. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div>
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<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/FionaLu/Desktop/Quonset%20Hut/The%20Quonset%20hut%20and%20Dymaxion%20House.docx#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> Brian Carter, <i>War, Design and Weapons, </i>(NJ, Princeton
Architectural Press, 2005)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/FionaLu/Desktop/Quonset%20Hut/The%20Quonset%20hut%20and%20Dymaxion%20House.docx#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> Carter 53<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
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<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/FionaLu/Desktop/Quonset%20Hut/The%20Quonset%20hut%20and%20Dymaxion%20House.docx#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> “Corrugated.
Material,” Cornell University Intypes. Accessed Dec 7, 2012. http://intypes.cornell.edu/expanded.cfm?erID=110<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
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<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/FionaLu/Desktop/Quonset%20Hut/The%20Quonset%20hut%20and%20Dymaxion%20House.docx#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> Carter 52<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/FionaLu/Desktop/Quonset%20Hut/The%20Quonset%20hut%20and%20Dymaxion%20House.docx#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> Carter 53<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
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<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/FionaLu/Desktop/Quonset%20Hut/The%20Quonset%20hut%20and%20Dymaxion%20House.docx#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title="">[6]</a> Carter 54</span></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/FionaLu/Desktop/Quonset%20Hut/The%20Quonset%20hut%20and%20Dymaxion%20House.docx#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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Red 3http://www.blogger.com/profile/12907054522953693163noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5119118916524236715.post-84689723659420365162012-12-07T18:48:00.002-05:002012-12-10T12:18:48.009-05:00Seabee Song<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">The Song of the Seabees </span></div>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">
</span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"> (1943) </span></div>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">
</span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> Words by Sam M. Lewis </span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Music by Peter de Rose </span></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> We're the Seabees of the Navy</span></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">We can build and we can fight</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">We'll pave the way to victory</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">And guard it day and night</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">And we promise that we remember</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The "Seventh of December"</span></div>
<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">We're the Seabees of the Navy</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bees of the Seven Seas</span></div>
<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Navy wanted men</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">That's where we came in</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mister Brown and Mister Jones</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Owens, the Cohens and Flynn</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Navy wanted more</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Of Uncle Sammy's kin</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">So we all joined up</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">And brother we're in to win.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<embed flashvars="audioUrl=https://sites.google.com/site/quonsethutmp3converter/mp3/seabees%20song.mp3" height="27" quality="best" src="http://www.google.com/reader/ui/3523697345-audio-player.swf" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="400"></embed><br />
<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
Red 3http://www.blogger.com/profile/12907054522953693163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5119118916524236715.post-42285470299133703072012-12-06T21:54:00.002-05:002012-12-10T12:18:47.963-05:00Seabee Recruitment Posters<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-O-kbmNhiLXA/UMFZ4oVjTMI/AAAAAAAAACw/4G-nl3AkhY0/s1600/6069-image-450-550-fit.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-O-kbmNhiLXA/UMFZ4oVjTMI/AAAAAAAAACw/4G-nl3AkhY0/s400/6069-image-450-550-fit.jpg" height="400" width="361" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Originally public ca. 1939</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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Red 3http://www.blogger.com/profile/12907054522953693163noreply@blogger.com0